Reviews of Modern Physics

Reviews of Modern Physics

Recent articles in Reviews of Modern Physics
Quantum information with Rydberg atoms Author(s): M. Saffman, T. G. Walker, and K. Mølmer Rydberg atoms with principal quantum number n⪢1 have exaggerated atomic properties including dipole-dipole interactions that scale as n^{4} and radiative lifetimes that scale as n^{3} . It was proposed a decade ago to take advantage of these properties to implement quantum gates between neutral at... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2313] Published Wed Aug 18, 2010 Nobel Lecture: The invention and early history of the CCD Author(s): George E. Smith [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2307] Published Fri Aug 13, 2010 Nobel Lecture: CCD—An extension of man’s view Author(s): Willard S. Boyle [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2305] Published Fri Aug 13, 2010 Nobel Lecture: Sand from centuries past: Send future voices fast Author(s): Charles K. Kao [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2299] Published Fri Aug 13, 2010 Fano resonances in nanoscale structures Author(s): Andrey E. Miroshnichenko, Sergej Flach, and Yuri S. Kivshar Modern nanotechnology allows one to scale down various important devices (sensors, chips, fibers, etc.) and thus opens up new horizons for their applications. The efficiency of most of them is based on fundamental physical phenomena, such as transport of wave excitations and resonances. Short propag... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2257] Published Wed Aug 11, 2010 Hearing shapes of drums: Mathematical and physical aspects of isospectrality Author(s): Olivier Giraud and Koen Thas In a celebrated paper “Can one hear the shape of a drum?” M. Kac [Am. Math. Monthly 73, 1 (1966)] asked his famous question about the existence of nonisometric billiards having the same spectrum of the Laplacian. This question was eventually answered positively in 1992 by the construction of non... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2213] Published Fri Aug 06, 2010 Quantum phase transitions in the shapes of atomic nuclei Author(s): Pavel Cejnar, Jan Jolie, and Richard F. Casten Signatures of criticality in the evolution of the nuclear ground-state shapes across the N×Z plane are discussed. Attention is paid to specific data indicating sudden structural changes in various isotopic and isotonic chains of medium-mass and heavy even-even nuclei, as well as to diverse theoreti... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2155] Published Thu Aug 05, 2010 Normalization and global analysis of perturbations of the hydrogen atom Author(s): K. Efstathiou and D. A. Sadovskií The hydrogen atom perturbed by sufficiently small homogeneous static electric and magnetic fields of arbitrary mutual alignment is a specific perturbation of the Kepler system with three degrees of freedom and three parameters. Normalization of the Keplerian symmetry reveals that the parameter space... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2099] Published Tue Aug 03, 2010 Liquid xenon detectors for particle physics and astrophysics Author(s): E. Aprile and T. Doke This article reviews the progress made over the last 20years in the development and applications of liquid xenon detectors in particle physics, astrophysics, and medical imaging experiments. A summary of the fundamental properties of liquid xenon as radiation detection medium, in light of the most c... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2053] Published Thu Jul 29, 2010 Charge symmetry at the partonic level Author(s): J. T. Londergan, J. C. Peng, and A. W. Thomas This review article discusses the experimental and theoretical status of partonic charge symmetry. It is shown how the partonic content of various structure functions gets redefined when the assumption of charge symmetry is relaxed. Various theoretical and phenomenological models for charge-symmetry... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2009] Published Mon Jul 12, 2010 Berry phase effects on electronic properties Author(s): Di Xiao, Ming-Che Chang, and Qian Niu Ever since its discovery the notion of Berry phase has permeated through all branches of physics. Over the past three decades it was gradually realized that the Berry phase of the electronic wave function can have a profound effect on material properties and is responsible for a spectrum of phenomen... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1959] Published Tue Jul 06, 2010 Colloquium: Ettore Majorana and the birth of autoionization Author(s): E. Arimondo, Charles W. Clark, and W. C. Martin In some of the first applications of modern quantum mechanics to the spectroscopy of many-electron atoms, Ettore Majorana in 1931 solved several outstanding problems by developing the theory of autoionization. Later literature makes only sporadic references to this accomplishment. After reviewing hi... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1947] Published Fri Jul 02, 2010 Publisher's Note: Dynamics of filaments and membranes in a viscous fluid [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1607 (2010)] Author(s): Thomas R. Powers [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1945] Published Fri Jun 11, 2010 Long range interactions in nanoscale science Author(s): Roger H. French, V. Adrian Parsegian, Rudolf Podgornik, Rick F. Rajter, Anand Jagota, Jian Luo, Dilip Asthagiri, Manoj K. Chaudhury, Yet-ming Chiang, Steve Granick, Sergei Kalinin, Mehran Kardar, Roland Kjellander, David C. Langreth, Jennifer Lewis, Steve Lustig, David Wesolowski, John S. Wettlaufer, Wai-Yim Ching, Mike Finnis, Frank Houlihan, O. Anatole von Lilienfeld, Carel Jan van Oss, and Thomas Zemb Our understanding of the “long range” electrodynamic, electrostatic, and polar interactions that dominate the organization of small objects at separations beyond an interatomic bond length is reviewed. From this basic-forces perspective, a large number of systems are described from which one can... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1887] Published Fri Jun 11, 2010 The physical and chemical properties of heteronanotubes Author(s): Paola Ayala, Raul Arenal, Annick Loiseau, Angel Rubio, and Thomas Pichler Carbon nanotubes undoubtedly take a leading position in nanotechnology research owing to their well-known outstanding structural and electronic properties. Inspired by this, hybrid and functionalized tubular structures have been constructed via several modification paths that involve the presence of... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1843] Published Wed Jun 09, 2010 Laser-driven nonlinear cluster dynamics Author(s): Th. Fennel, K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, J. Tiggesbäumker, P.-G. Reinhard, P. M. Dinh, and E. Suraud Laser excitation of nanometer-sized atomic and molecular clusters offers various opportunities to explore and control ultrafast many-particle dynamics. Whereas weak laser fields allow the analysis of photoionization, excited-state relaxation, and structural modifications on these finite quantum syst... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1793] Published Tue Jun 08, 2010 Colloquium: Gripped by light: Optical binding Author(s): Kishan Dholakia and Pavel Zemánek The light-matter interaction has been at the heart of major advances from the atomic scale right to the microscopic scale over the past four decades. Confinement by light, embodied by the area of optical trapping, has had a major influence across all of the natural sciences. However, an emergent and... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1767] Published Thu Jun 03, 2010 Colloquium: Transport in strongly correlated two dimensional electron fluids Author(s): B. Spivak, S. V. Kravchenko, S. A. Kivelson, and X. P. A. Gao An overview of the measured transport properties of the two dimensional electron fluids in high mobility semiconductor devices with low electron densities is presented as well as some of the theories that have been proposed to account for them. Many features of the observations are not easily reconc... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1743] Published Thu May 27, 2010 Colloquium: Identifying the propagating charge modes in doped Mott insulators Author(s): Philip Phillips High-temperature superconductivity in the copper-oxide ceramics remains an unsolved problem because we do not know what the propagating degrees of freedom are in the normal state. As a result, we do not know what are the weakly interacting degrees of freedom which pair up to form the superconducting... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1719] Published Mon May 24, 2010 Genetic demixing and evolution in linear stepping stone models Author(s): K. S. Korolev, Mikkel Avlund, Oskar Hallatschek, and David R. Nelson Results for mutation, selection, genetic drift, and migration in a one-dimensional continuous population are reviewed and extended. The population is described by a continuous limit of the stepping stone model, which leads to the stochastic Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscounov equation with additio... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1691] Published Fri May 21, 2010 First-principles theory of dilute magnetic semiconductors Author(s): K. Sato, L. Bergqvist, J. Kudrnovský, P. H. Dederichs, O. Eriksson, I. Turek, B. Sanyal, G. Bouzerar, H. Katayama-Yoshida, V. A. Dinh, T. Fukushima, H. Kizaki, and R. Zeller This review summarizes recent first-principles investigations of the electronic structure and magnetism of dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs), which are interesting for applications in spintronics. Details of the electronic structure of transition-metal-doped III-V and II-VI semiconductors are de... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1633] Published Thu May 20, 2010 Dynamics of filaments and membranes in a viscous fluid Author(s): Thomas R. Powers Motivated by the motion of biopolymers and membranes in solution, this article presents a formulation of the equations of motion for curves and surfaces in a viscous fluid. The focus is on geometrical aspects and simple variational methods for calculating internal stresses and forces, and the full n... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1607] Published Wed May 19, 2010 Colloquium: Time-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy Author(s): Arie van Houselt and Harold J. W. Zandvliet Scanning tunneling microscopy has revolutionized our ability to image, study, and manipulate solid surfaces on the size scale of atoms. One important limitation of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is, however, its poor time resolution. Recording a standard image with a STM typically takes abo... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1593] Published Mon May 17, 2010 Anomalous Hall effect Author(s): Naoto Nagaosa, Jairo Sinova, Shigeki Onoda, A. H. MacDonald, and N. P. Ong The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) occurs in solids with broken time-reversal symmetry, typically in a ferromagnetic phase, as a consequence of spin-orbit coupling. Experimental and theoretical studies of the AHE are reviewed, focusing on recent developments that have provided a more complete framework... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1539] Published Thu May 13, 2010 Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation Author(s): Hui Deng, Hartmut Haug, and Yoshihisa Yamamoto In the past decade, a two-dimensional matter-light system called the microcavity exciton-polariton has emerged as a new promising candidate of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in solids. Many pieces of important evidence of polariton BEC have been established recently in GaAs and CdTe microcavities ... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1489] Published Wed May 12, 2010 Colloquium: Failure of molecules, bones, and the Earth itself Author(s): Markus J. Buehler and Sinan Keten Materials fail by recurring rupture and shearing of interatomic bonds at microscopic, molecular scales, leading to disintegration of matter at macroscale and a loss of function. In this Colloquium, the state-of-the-art of investigations on failure mechanisms in materials are reviewed, in particular ... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1459] Published Mon May 10, 2010 Track and vertex reconstruction: From classical to adaptive methods Author(s): Are Strandlie and Rudolf Frühwirth This paper reviews classical and adaptive methods of track and vertex reconstruction in particle physics experiments. Adaptive methods have been developed to meet the experimental challenges at high-energy colliders, in particular, the CERN Large Hadron Collider. They can be characterized by the obl... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1419] Published Fri May 07, 2010 Nonperturbative QCD simulations with 2+1 flavors of improved staggered quarks Author(s): A. Bazavov, D. Toussaint, C. Bernard, J. Laiho, C. DeTar, L. Levkova, M. B. Oktay, Steven Gottlieb, U. M. Heller, J. E. Hetrick, P. B. Mackenzie, R. Sugar, and R. S. Van de Water Dramatic progress has been made over the last decade in the numerical study of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) through the use of improved formulations of QCD on the lattice (improved actions), the development of new algorithms, and the rapid increase in computing power available to lattice gauge theor... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1349] Published Thu May 06, 2010 Vortices on curved surfaces Author(s): Ari M. Turner, Vincenzo Vitelli, and David R. Nelson Topological defects in thin films coating a deformed substrate interact with the underlying curvature. This coupling mechanism influences the shape of biological structures and provides a new strategy for the design of interfaces with prescribed functionality. In this article, a mathematical formali... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1301] Published Fri Apr 30, 2010 Colloquium: Looking at a soliton through the prism of optical supercontinuum Author(s): Dmitry V. Skryabin and Andrey V. Gorbach A traditional view on solitons in optical fibers as robust particlelike structures suited for information transmission has been significantly altered and broadened over the past decade when solitons have been found to play the major role in generation of octave broad supercontinuum spectra in photon... [Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1287] Published Thu Apr 29, 2010

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