- Theory of ultracold atomic Fermi gases
Author(s): Stefano Giorgini, Lev P. Pitaevskii, and Sandro Stringari
The physics of quantum degenerate atomic Fermi gases in uniform as well as in harmonically trapped configurations is reviewed from a theoretical perspective. Emphasis is given to the effect of interactions that play a crucial role, bringing the gas into a superfluid phase at low temperature. In thes...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1215] Published Thu Oct 02, 2008
- Colloquium: Unusual resonators: Plasmonics, metamaterials, and random media
Author(s): Konstantin Y. Bliokh, Yury P. Bliokh, Valentin Freilikher, Sergey Savel’ev, and Franco Nori
Super-resolution, extraordinary transmission, total absorption, and localization of electromagnetic waves are currently attracting growing attention. These phenomena are related to different physical systems and are usually studied within the context of different, sometimes rather sophisticated, app...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1201] Published Wed Oct 01, 2008
- Editorial: APS now leaves copyright with authors for derivative works
Author(s): Gene D. Sprouse
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1199] Published Wed Oct 01, 2008
- Editorial: Physics - spotlighting exceptional research
Author(s): Gene D. Sprouse
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1197] Published Wed Oct 01, 2008
- Publisher's Note: Finite-size scaling of ^{4} He at the superfluid transition [Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1009 (2008)]
Author(s): Francis M. Gasparini, Mark O. Kimball, Kevin P. Mooney, and Manuel Diaz-Avila
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1195] Published Fri Sep 19, 2008
- Quarkonia and their transitions
Author(s): Estia Eichten, Stephen Godfrey, Hanna Mahlke, and Jonathan L. Rosner
Valuable data on quarkonia (the bound states of a heavy quark Q=c,b and the corresponding antiquark) have recently been provided by a variety of sources, mainly e^{+} e^{−} collisions, but also hadronic interactions. This permits a thorough updating of the experimental and theoretical status of el...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1161] Published Fri Sep 19, 2008
- Non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation
Author(s): Chetan Nayak, Steven H. Simon, Ady Stern, Michael Freedman, and Sankar Das Sarma
Topological quantum computation has emerged as one of the most exciting approaches to constructing a fault-tolerant quantum computer. The proposal relies on the existence of topological states of matter whose quasiparticle excitations are neither bosons nor fermions, but are particles known as non-A...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1083] Published Fri Sep 12, 2008
- Colloquium: Quantum annealing and analog quantum computation
Author(s): Arnab Das and Bikas K. Chakrabarti
The recent success in quantum annealing, i.e., optimization of the cost or energy functions of complex systems utilizing quantum fluctuations is reviewed here. The concept is introduced in successive steps through studying the mapping of such computationally hard problems to classical spin-glass pro...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1061] Published Fri Sep 05, 2008
- Finite-size scaling of ^{4} He at the superfluid transition
Author(s): Francis M. Gasparini, Mark O. Kimball, Kevin P. Mooney, and Manuel Diaz-Avila
Experimental results for confined ^{4} He are reviewed that are relevant to correlation-length scaling near the superfluid transition. Data are discussed for which the uniform confinement represents dimensionality crossover from three dimensions (3D) to 2D, 1D, and 0D. In addition, data for the onse...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1009] Published Thu Sep 04, 2008
- Waiting for precise measurements of K^{+} →π^{+} νν [over ¯] and K_{L} →π^{0} νν [over ¯]
Author(s): Andrzej J. Buras, Selma Uhlig, and Felix Schwab
In view of future plans for accurate measurements of the theoretically clean branching ratios Br(K^{+} →π^{+} νν [over ¯] ) and Br(K_{L} →π^{0} νν [over ¯] ) , which should occur in the next decade, the relevant formulas for quantities of interest are collected and their theoretical and ...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 965] Published Tue Aug 05, 2008
- Many-body physics with ultracold gases
Author(s): Immanuel Bloch, Jean Dalibard, and Wilhelm Zwerger
This paper reviews recent experimental and theoretical progress concerning many-body phenomena in dilute, ultracold gases. It focuses on effects beyond standard weak-coupling descriptions, such as the Mott-Hubbard transition in optical lattices, strongly interacting gases in one and two dimensions, ...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 885] Published Fri Jul 18, 2008
- Transport phenomena in nanofluidics
Author(s): Reto B. Schoch, Jongyoon Han, and Philippe Renaud
The transport of fluid in and around nanometer-sized objects with at least one characteristic dimension below 100nm enables the occurrence of phenomena that are impossible at bigger length scales. This research field was only recently termed nanofluidics, but it has deep roots in science and technol...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 839] Published Thu Jul 17, 2008
- The Unruh effect and its applications
Author(s): Luís C. Crispino, Atsushi Higuchi, and George E. Matsas
It has been 30years since the discovery of the Unruh effect. It has played a crucial role in our understanding that the particle content of a field theory is observer dependent. This effect is important in its own right and as a way to understand the phenomenon of particle emission from black holes ...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 787] Published Tue Jul 01, 2008
- Hadron structure at low Q^{2}
Author(s): Dieter Drechsel and Thomas Walcher
This review deals with the structure of hadrons, strongly interacting many-body systems consisting of quarks and gluons. These systems have a size of about 1fm , which shows up in scattering experiments at low momentum transfers Q in the GeV region. At this scale the running coupling constant of qua...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 731] Published Tue Jul 01, 2008
- CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2006
Author(s): Peter J. Mohr, Barry N. Taylor, and David B. Newell
This paper gives the 2006 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 633] Published Fri Jun 06, 2008
- CP violation from the standard model to strings
Author(s): Tarek Ibrahim and Pran Nath
A review of CP violation from the standard model to strings is given which includes a broad landscape of particle physics models, encompassing the nonsupersymmetric four-dimensional (4D) extensions of the standard model, and models based on supersymmetry, on extra dimensions, on strings, and on bran...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 577] Published Thu May 22, 2008
- Entanglement in many-body systems
Author(s): Luigi Amico, Rosario Fazio, Andreas Osterloh, and Vlatko Vedral
Recent interest in aspects common to quantum information and condensed matter has prompted a flurry of activity at the border of these disciplines that were far distant until a few years ago. Numerous interesting questions have been addressed so far. Here an important part of this field, the propert...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 517] Published Tue May 06, 2008
- Double beta decay, Majorana neutrinos, and neutrino mass
Author(s): Frank T. Avignone, Steven R. Elliott, and Jonathan Engel
The theoretical and experimental issues relevant to neutrinoless double beta decay are reviewed. The impact that a direct observation of this exotic process would have on elementary particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology is profound. Now that neutrinos are known to have mass ...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 481] Published Wed Apr 09, 2008
- Electron scattering from argon: Data evaluation and consistency
Author(s): E. Gargioni and B. Grosswendt
The demand for coherent scattering data for modeling electron transport in matter has increased in recent years. While much effort has been devoted to the improvement of models describing electron transport and scattering, the updating of fundamental data sets on the basis of recent experimental res...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 451] Published Wed Apr 02, 2008
- Numerical renormalization group method for quantum impurity systems
Author(s): Ralf Bulla, Theo A. Costi, and Thomas Pruschke
In the early 1970s, Wilson developed the concept of a fully nonperturbative renormalization group transformation. When applied to the Kondo problem, this numerical renormalization group (NRG) method gave for the first time the full crossover from the high-temperature phase of a free spin to the low-...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 395] Published Wed Apr 02, 2008
- Colloquium: Chaotic quantum dots with strongly correlated electrons
Author(s): R. Shankar
Quantum dots pose a problem where one must confront three obstacles: randomness, interactions, and finite size. Yet it is this confluence that allows one to make some theoretical advances by invoking three theoretical tools: random matrix theory, the renormalization group, and the 1∕N expansion. H...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 379] Published Tue Apr 01, 2008
- Half-metallic ferromagnets: From band structure to many-body effects
Author(s): M. I. Katsnelson, V. Yu. Irkhin, L. Chioncel, A. I. Lichtenstein, and R. A. de Groot
A review of new developments in theoretical and experimental electronic-structure investigations of half-metallic ferromagnets (HMFs) is presented. Being semiconductors for one spin projection and metals for another, these substances are promising magnetic materials for applications in spintronics (...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 315] Published Tue Apr 01, 2008
- Four-body methods for high-energy ion-atom collisions
Author(s): Dževad Belkić, Ivan Mančev, and Jocelyn Hanssen
The progress in solving problems involving nonrelativistic fast ion (atom)-atom collisions with two actively participating electrons is reviewed. Such processes involve, e.g., (i) scattering between a bare nucleus (projectile) P of charge Z_{P} and a heliumlike atomic system consisting of two electr...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 249] Published Fri Jan 04, 2008
- Disclinations, dislocations, and continuous defects: A reappraisal
Author(s): M. Kleman and J. Friedel
Disclinations were first observed in mesomorphic phases. They were later found relevant to a number of ill-ordered condensed-matter media involving continuous symmetries or frustrated order. Disclinations also appear in polycrystals at the edges of grain boundaries; but they are of limited interest ...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 61] Published Wed Jan 02, 2008
- Orbital-dependent density functionals: Theory and applications
Author(s): Stephan Kümmel and Leeor Kronik
This review provides a perspective on the use of orbital-dependent functionals, which is currently considered one of the most promising avenues in modern density-functional theory. The focus here is on four major themes: the motivation for orbital-dependent functionals in terms of limitations of sem...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 3] Published Wed Jan 02, 2008
- Colloquium: Theory of drag reduction by polymers in wall-bounded turbulence
Author(s): Itamar Procaccia, Victor S. L’vov, and Roberto Benzi
The flow of fluids in channels, pipes, or ducts, as in any other wall-bounded flow (like water along the hulls of ships or air on airplanes) is hindered by a drag, which increases manyfold when the fluid flow turns from laminar to turbulent. A major technological problem is how to reduce this drag i...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 225] Published Wed Jan 02, 2008
- Inclusive quasielastic electron-nucleus scattering
Author(s): Omar Benhar, Donal Day, and Ingo Sick
This paper presents a review on the field of inclusive quasielastic electron-nucleus scattering. It discusses the approach used to measure the data and includes a compilation of data available in numerical form. The theoretical approaches used to interpret the data are presented. A number of results...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 189] Published Wed Jan 02, 2008
- Phase transitions and configuration space topology
Author(s): Michael Kastner
Equilibrium phase transitions may be defined as nonanalytic points of thermodynamic functions, e.g., of the canonical free energy. Given a certain physical system, it is of interest to understand which properties of the system account for the presence, or the absence, of a phase transition, and an i...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 167] Published Wed Jan 02, 2008
- Colloquium: Physical approaches to DNA sequencing and detection
Author(s): Michael Zwolak and Massimiliano Di Ventra
With the continued improvement of sequencing technologies, the prospect of genome-based medicine is now at the forefront of scientific research. To realize this potential, however, a revolutionary sequencing method is needed for the cost-effective and rapid interrogation of individual genomes. This ...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 141] Published Wed Jan 02, 2008
- Colloquium: Optimal control of high-harmonic generation
Author(s): Carsten Winterfeldt, Christian Spielmann, and Gustav Gerber
High-harmonic generation provides an attractive light source of coherent radiation in the extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) and soft-x-ray regions of the spectrum and allows for the production of single attosecond pulses or pulse trains. This Colloquium covers the control of high-harmonic spectra by tempora...
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 117] Published Wed Jan 02, 2008
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