- Internal Wave Interferometry
Author(s): Manikandan Mathur and Thomas Peacock
Internal waves are a ubiquitous and significant means of momentum and energy transport in the oceans, atmosphere, and astrophysical bodies. Here, we show that internal wave propagation in nonuniform density stratifications, which are prevalent throughout nature, has a direct mathematical analogy wit...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 118501] Published Mon Mar 15, 2010
- Correlated Electrons Step by Step: Itinerant-to-Localized Transition of Fe Impurities in Free-Electron Metal Hosts
Author(s): C. Carbone, M. Veronese, P. Moras, S. Gardonio, C. Grazioli, P. H. Zhou, O. Rader, A. Varykhalov, C. Krull, T. Balashov, A. Mugarza, P. Gambardella, S. Lebèque, O. Eriksson, M. I. Katsnelson, and A. I. Lichtenstein
High-resolution photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio calculations have been employed to analyze the onset and progression of d-sp hybridization in Fe impurities deposited on alkali metal films. The interplay between delocalization, mediated by the free-electron environment, and Coulomb interact...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 117601] Published Mon Mar 15, 2010
- Two-Quantum Many-Body Coherences in Two-Dimensional Fourier-Transform Spectra of Exciton Resonances in Semiconductor Quantum Wells
Author(s): Denis Karaiskaj, Alan D. Bristow, Lijun Yang, Xingcan Dai, Richard P. Mirin, Shaul Mukamel, and Steven T. Cundiff
We present experimental coherent two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectra of Wannier exciton resonances in semiconductor quantum wells generated by a pulse sequence that isolates two-quantum coherences. By measuring the real part of the signals, we determine that the spectra are dominated by two-qu...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 117401] Published Mon Mar 15, 2010
- Nanoscale Proximity Effect in the High-Temperature Superconductor Bi_{2} Sr_{2} CaCu_{2} O_{8+δ} Using a Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Author(s): Colin V. Parker, Aakash Pushp, Abhay N. Pasupathy, Kenjiro K. Gomes, Jinsheng Wen, Zhijun Xu, Shimpei Ono, Genda Gu, and Ali Yazdani
High-temperature cuprate superconductors exhibit extremely local nanoscale phenomena and strong sensitivity to doping. While other experiments have looked at nanoscale interfaces between layers of different dopings, we focus on the interplay between naturally inhomogeneous nanoscale regions. Using s...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 117001] Published Mon Mar 15, 2010
- Photoinduced Schottky Barrier in Photorefractive Materials
Author(s): Jaime Frejlich, Christophe Longeaud, and Jesiel F. Carvalho
We report on the first experimental evidence of a Schottky barrier effect produced by the action of light in an otherwise purely Ohmic contact between a nominally undoped photorefractive titanosillenite Bi_{12} TiO_{20} crystal and a transparent conductive SnO_{2} electrode. The photorefractive crys...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 116601] Published Mon Mar 15, 2010
- Direct Observation of a Sub-Poissonian Number Distribution of Atoms in an Optical Lattice
Author(s): Amir Itah, Hagar Veksler, Oren Lahav, Alex Blumkin, Coral Moreno, Carmit Gordon, and Jeff Steinhauer
We report single-site resolution in a lattice with tunneling between sites, allowing for an in situ study of stochastic losses. The ratio of the loss rate to the tunneling rate is seen to determine the number fluctuations, and the overall profile of the lattice. Sub-Poissonian number fluctuations a...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 113001] Published Mon Mar 15, 2010
- Static QCD Potential at Three-Loop Order
Author(s): C. Anzai, Y. Kiyo, and Y. Sumino
We compute the purely gluonic contribution to the static QCD potential at three-loop order. This completes computation of the static potential at this order.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 112003] Published Mon Mar 15, 2010
- Three-Loop Static Potential
Author(s): Alexander V. Smirnov, Vladimir A. Smirnov, and Matthias Steinhauser
We compute the three-loop corrections to the potential of two heavy quarks. In particular, we consider in this Letter the purely gluonic contribution which provides, in combination with our previous fermion corrections, the complete answer at three loops.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 112002] Published Mon Mar 15, 2010
- Light-Front Interpretation of Proton Generalized Polarizabilities
Author(s): M. Gorchtein, C. Lorcé, B. Pasquini, and M. Vanderhaeghen
We extend the recently developed formalism to extract light-front quark charge densities from nucleon form factor data to the deformations of these quark charge densities when applying an external electric field. We show that the resulting induced polarizations can be extracted from proton generaliz...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 112001] Published Mon Mar 15, 2010
- Fat Jets for a Light Higgs Boson
Author(s): Tilman Plehn, Gavin P. Salam, and Michael Spannowsky
At the LHC associated top quark and Higgs boson production with a Higgs boson decay to bottom quarks has long been a heavily disputed search channel. Recently, it has been found not to be viable. We show how it can be observed by tagging massive Higgs bosons and top jets. For this purpose we constru...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 111801] Published Mon Mar 15, 2010
- Publisher’s Note: Measurement of the Ratio of the ν_{μ} Charged-Current Single-Pion Production to Quasielastic Scattering with a 0.8 GeV Neutrino Beam on Mineral Oil [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 081801 (2009)]
Author(s): A. A. Aguilar-Arevalo et al. (MiniBooNE Collaboration)
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 109902] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Nonadiabatic Response Model of Laser-Induced Ultrafast π-Electron Rotations in Chiral Aromatic Molecules
Author(s): Manabu Kanno, Hirohiko Kono, Yuichi Fujimura, and Sheng H. Lin
We theoretically investigated the nonadiabatic couplings between optically induced π-electron rotations and molecular vibrations in a chiral aromatic molecule irradiated by a nonhelical, linearly polarized laser pulse. The results of wave packet dynamics simulation show that the vibrational amplit...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 108302] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Model Accounting for the Effects of Pulling-Device Stiffness in the Analyses of Single-Molecule Force Measurements
Author(s): Arijit Maitra and Gaurav Arya
Single-molecule force spectroscopy provides a powerful approach for investigating molecular transitions along specific reaction coordinates. Here, we present a general analytical model for extracting the intrinsic rates and activation free energies from force measurements on single molecules that is...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 108301] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Thermal Quenches in Spin Ice
Author(s): C. Castelnovo, R. Moessner, and S. L. Sondhi
We study the diffusion-annihilation process which occurs when spin ice is quenched from a high temperature paramagnetic phase deep into the spin-ice regime, where the excitations—magnetic monopoles—are sparse. We find that due to the Coulomb interaction between the monopoles, a dynamical arrest ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 107201] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Anomalous Hall Effect in Field-Effect Structures of (Ga,Mn)As
Author(s): D. Chiba, A. Werpachowska, M. Endo, Y. Nishitani, F. Matsukura, T. Dietl, and H. Ohno
The anomalous Hall effect in metal-insulator-semiconductor structures having thin (Ga,Mn)As layers as a channel has been studied in a wide range of Mn and hole densities changed by the gate electric field. Strong and unanticipated temperature dependence, including a change of sign, of the anomalous ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 106601] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Chirality-Driven Mass Enhancement in the Kagome Hubbard Model
Author(s): Masafumi Udagawa and Yukitoshi Motome
We investigate the quasiparticle-mass enhancement in the Hubbard model on the frustrated kagome lattice by using a cluster extension of the dynamical mean-field theory. By analyzing the cluster density matrix, we find a hierarchy of energy scale among charge, spin, and chirality degrees of freedom. ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 106409] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Topological Kondo Insulators
Author(s): Maxim Dzero, Kai Sun, Victor Galitski, and Piers Coleman
Kondo insulators are a particularly simple type of heavy electron material, where a filled band of heavy quasiparticles gives rise to a narrow band insulator. Starting with the Anderson lattice Hamiltonian, we develop a topological classification of emergent band structures for Kondo insulators and ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 106408] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Phase Competition in the Double-Exchange Model on the Frustrated Pyrochlore Lattice
Author(s): Yukitoshi Motome and Nobuo Furukawa
Competition between the ferromagnetic double-exchange interaction and the superexchange antiferromagnetic interaction is theoretically studied in the presence of geometrical frustration. As the superexchange interaction increases, the ferromagnetic metal becomes unstable and is taken over by a coope...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 106407] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Parasitic Small-Moment Antiferromagnetism and Nonlinear Coupling of Hidden Order and Antiferromagnetism in URu_{2} Si_{2} Observed by Larmor Diffraction
Author(s): P. G. Niklowitz, C. Pfleiderer, T. Keller, M. Vojta, Y.-K. Huang, and J. A. Mydosh
We report for the first time simultaneous microscopic measurements of the lattice constants, the distribution of the lattice constants, and the antiferromagnetic moment in high-purity URu_{2} Si_{2} , combining Larmor and conventional neutron diffraction at low temperatures and pressures up to 18 k...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 106406] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Surface Layering at the Mercury-Electrolyte Interface
Author(s): A. Elsen, B. M. Murphy, B. M. Ocko, L. Tamam, M. Deutsch, I. Kuzmenko, and O. M. Magnussen
X-ray reflectometry reveals atomic layering at a liquid-liquid interface—mercury in a 0.01 M NaF solution. The interface width exceeds capillary wave theory predictions and displays an anomalous dependence on the voltage applied across it, displaying a minimum positive of the potential of zero c...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 105501] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Measured Instantaneous Viscous Boundary Layer in Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard Convection
Author(s): Quan Zhou and Ke-Qing Xia
We report measurements of the instantaneous viscous boundary layer (BL) thickness δ_{v} (t) in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection. It is found that δ_{v} (t) obtained from the measured instantaneous two-dimensional velocity field exhibits intermittent fluctuations. For small values, δ_{v} (t) ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 104301] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Nonlinear Wave-Packet Dynamics in a Disordered Medium
Author(s): G. Schwiete and A. M. Finkel’stein
We develop an effective theory of pulse propagation in a nonlinear and disordered medium in two dimensions. The theory is formulated in terms of a nonlinear diffusion equation. Despite its apparent simplicity this equation describes novel phenomena which we refer to as “locked explosion” and dif...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 103904] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Higher-Order Kerr Terms Allow Ionization-Free Filamentation in Gases
Author(s): P. Béjot, J. Kasparian, S. Henin, V. Loriot, T. Vieillard, E. Hertz, O. Faucher, B. Lavorel, and J.-P. Wolf
We show that higher-order nonlinear indices (n_{4} , n_{6} , n_{8} , n_{10} ) provide the main defocusing contribution to self-channeling of ultrashort laser pulses in air and argon at 800 nm, in contrast with the previously accepted mechanism of filamentation where plasma was considered as the dom...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 103903] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Quantum Metrology with Two-Mode Squeezed Vacuum: Parity Detection Beats the Heisenberg Limit
Author(s): Petr M. Anisimov, Gretchen M. Raterman, Aravind Chiruvelli, William N. Plick, Sean D. Huver, Hwang Lee, and Jonathan P. Dowling
We study the sensitivity and resolution of phase measurement in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with two-mode squeezed vacuum (n [over ¯] photons on average). We show that superresolution and sub-Heisenberg sensitivity is obtained with parity detection. In particular, in our setup, dependence of the ...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 103602] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Electron Rescattering in Above-Threshold Photodetachment of Negative Ions
Author(s): A. Gazibegović-Busuladžić, D. B. Milošević, W. Becker, B. Bergues, H. Hultgren, and I. Yu. Kiyan
We present experimental and theoretical results on photodetachment of Br^{-} and F^{-} in a strong infrared laser field. The observed photoelectron spectra of Br^{-} exhibit a high-energy plateau along the laser polarization direction, which is identified as being due to the rescattering effect. The...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 103004] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Phase Measurement of Resonant Two-Photon Ionization in Helium
Author(s): M. Swoboda, T. Fordell, K. Klünder, J. M. Dahlström, M. Miranda, C. Buth, K. J. Schafer, J. Mauritsson, A. L’Huillier, and M. Gisselbrecht
We study resonant two-color two-photon ionization of helium via the 1s3p ^{1} P _{1} state. The first color is the 15th harmonic of a tunable Ti:sapphire laser, while the second color is the fundamental laser radiation. Our method uses phase-locked high-order harmonics to determine the phase of the...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 103003] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Eccentricity Fluctuations Make Flow Measurable in High Multiplicity p-p Collisions
Author(s): Jorge Casalderrey-Solana and Urs Achim Wiedemann
Elliptic flow is a hallmark of collectivity in hadronic collisions. Its measurement relies on analysis techniques which require high event multiplicity and so far can only be applied to heavy ion collisions. Here, we delineate the conditions under which elliptic flow becomes measurable in the sample...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 102301] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Demonstration of Coherent-State Discrimination Using a Displacement-Controlled Photon-Number-Resolving Detector
Author(s): Christoffer Wittmann, Ulrik L. Andersen, Masahiro Takeoka, Denis Sych, and Gerd Leuchs
We experimentally demonstrate a new measurement scheme for the discrimination of two coherent states. The measurement scheme is based on a displacement operation followed by a photon-number-resolving detector, and we show that it outperforms the standard homodyne detector which we, in addition, prov...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 100505] Published Fri Mar 12, 2010
- Entropic Origin of Disassortativity in Complex Networks
Author(s): Samuel Johnson, Joaquín J. Torres, J. Marro, and Miguel A. Muñoz
Why are most empirical networks, with the prominent exception of social ones, generically degree-degree anticorrelated? To answer this long-standing question, we define the ensemble of correlated networks and obtain the associated Shannon entropy. Maximum entropy can correspond to either assortative...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 108702] Published Thu Mar 11, 2010
- Spin-Charge Interplay in Electronic Liquid Crystals: Fluctuating Spin Stripe Driven by Charge Nematic Ordering
Author(s): Kai Sun, Michael J. Lawler, and Eun-Ah Kim
We study the interplay between charge and spin ordering in electronic liquid crystalline states with a particular emphasis on fluctuating spin stripe phenomena observed in recent neutron scattering experiments. Based on a phenomenological model, we propose that charge nematic ordering is indeed behi...
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 106405] Published Thu Mar 11, 2010
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